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Efficiency segment

The EfficiencySegment applies direction-specific efficiency ratios to power flow. It models losses that occur during transfer, such as inverter or transformer losses.

Model formulation

Parameters

Parameter Description Default
\(\eta_{s \rightarrow t}\) Source to target efficiency ratio 1.0
\(\eta_{t \rightarrow s}\) Target to source efficiency ratio 1.0

Efficiency values are ratios in the range \((0, 1]\). Input entities normalize percentage values to ratios before reaching the model.

Decision variables

The segment uses the connection flow variables as its inputs:

Variable Domain Description
\(P^{\text{in}}_{s \rightarrow t}\) \(\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\) Power entering the segment in the s→t direction
\(P^{\text{in}}_{t \rightarrow s}\) \(\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}\) Power entering the segment in the t→s direction

Transformation

The efficiency segment scales power leaving the segment:

\[ P^{\text{out}}_{s \rightarrow t}(t) = P^{\text{in}}_{s \rightarrow t}(t) \cdot \eta_{s \rightarrow t}(t) \]
\[ P^{\text{out}}_{t \rightarrow s}(t) = P^{\text{in}}_{t \rightarrow s}(t) \cdot \eta_{t \rightarrow s}(t) \]

The segment does not introduce additional constraints.

Physical interpretation

Losses are applied to power arriving at the destination. Power leaving a source is not scaled, but power entering the next segment is reduced by the efficiency ratio.

Next steps